<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
 <HEAD>
  <TITLE>
   Honeybee Hemolymph Protein Database
  </TITLE>
  <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
  <META CONTENT="Honeybee Hemolymph Protein Database" NAME="description">
  <META CONTENT="A profile of Honeybee Hemolymph proteins" NAME=
  "keywords">
  <LINK HREF="images/style.css" TYPE="text/css" REL="stylesheet">
<STYLE TYPE="text/css">
 body { background-color: white; }
 div.c1 {text-align: left}
 div.c2 {font-style: italic}
 div.c3 {font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 70%; text-align: right}
 div.c4 {font-size: 120%; text-align: center}
 div.c5 {font-size: 70%; text-align: right}
 div.c7 {text-align: right}
 div.c8 {text-align: center}
 img.c1 {vertical-align: middle;}
 i.reference {font-size: 9px}
 p.c9 {font-size: 70%}
 span.c2 {font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 70%}
 span.c6 {font-size: 70%}
 span.style6 {font-size: 18px}
 table.c6 {width: 757px; height: 188px;}
 td.c4 {text-align: right;}
 td.c5 {text-align: center;}
</STYLE>
 </HEAD>
<BODY>
  <A NAME="top"></a>
  <TABLE ALIGN="center" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="2" WIDTH=
  "802" SUMMARY="Table used to align everything">
   <TBODY>
    <TR>
     <TD HEIGHT="176" WIDTH="802">
      <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%"
      SUMMARY="Another table to align everything">
       <TBODY>
        <TR>
         <TD>
          <IMG SRC="images/dbtitle.jpg" ALT=
          "Honeybee on a flower/Honeybee Hemolymph protein database"
          BORDER="0"><BR>
          <A HREF="http://gallery.hd.org/_c/natural-science/_more2005/_more07/bee-pollinating-pollination-of-lavender-purple-flowers-from-bush-flowering-in-July-in-London-England-closeup-2-DHD.jpg.html"><I CLASS="reference">Image courtesy of DHD Multimedia gallery</I></A>
         </TD>
        </TR>
        <TR>
         <TD COLSPAN="7">
          <HR>
         </TD>
        </TR>
        <TR>
         <TD COLSPAN="7">
          <DIV CLASS="c1">
           <P>
            <SPAN CLASS="style6">Welcome to the Honeybee
            Hemolymph Proteomics Database at the <A HREF=
            "http://www.ubc.ca/" TARGET="_blank">University of British Columbia</A>.</SPAN><BR>
            <BR>
            This database accompanies the article:
           </P>
           <H2>
            Quantitative comparison of caste differences in
            honeybee hemolymph
           </H2>by Queenie W.T. Chan<SUP>&dagger;</SUP>,
           Charles G. Howes<SUP>&dagger;</SUP>,
	   and
           Leonard J. Foster<SUP>&dagger;</SUP>&deg;<BR>
           <P>
            <B>&dagger;</B> UBC Centre for Proteomics,
            Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
            University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T
            1Z4.<BR>
            &deg; Corresponding author, e-mail: <IMG CLASS="c1"
            SRC="images/lf.gif" ALT="Email address for Dr. Leonard Foster" ALIGN="top">,
            Telephone: +604-822-8311, Fax: +604-822-2114<BR>
           </P>
           <H3>
            Abstract
           </H3>
           <P>
            The honeybee, <A
			HREF="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=7460&amp;lvl=3&amp;lin=f&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock"><I>Apis mellifera</I></A>, is an
            invaluable partner in agriculture around the world,
            both for its production of honey and, more
            importantly, for its role in pollination. Honeybees
            are largely unexplored at the molecular level,
            despite a long and distinguished career as a model
            organism for understanding social behavior. Like
            other eusocial insects, honeybees can be divided
            into several castes: the queen (fertile female),
            workers (sterile females) and drones (males). Each
            caste has different energy and metabolic
            requirements and each differs in its susceptibility
            to pathogens, many of which have evolved to take
            advantage of the close social network inside a
            colony. Hemolymph, arthropods' equivalent to blood,
            distributes nutrients throughout the bee and the
            immune components contained within it form one of
            the primary lines of defense against invading
            microorganisms. In this study we have applied
            qualitative and quantitative proteomics to gain a
            better understanding of honeybee hemolymph and how
            it varies amongst the castes and during development.
            We found unexpectedly large differences in hemolymph
            protein composition, especially between larval and
            adult stage bees and between male and female castes
            but even between adult workers and queens. We also
            provide experimental evidence for the expression of
            several unannotated honeybee genes and for the
            detection of biomarkers of a viral infection. Our
            data provide an initial molecular picture of
            honeybee hemolymph, to a greater depth than previous
            studies in other insects, and will pave the way for
            future biochemical studies of innate immunity in
            this animal.
           </P>
          </DIV>
          <TABLE SUMMARY="Table used to align imagemap and corresponding text links">
           <TBODY>
            <TR>
             <TD>
              <DIV CLASS="c3">
               <IMG SRC="images/class.png" USEMAP=
               "#map1" ALT=
               "Picture of bees for use as an imagemap"
               BORDER="0" HEIGHT="158" WIDTH="274">
               <MAP NAME="map1" ID="map1">
                <AREA SHAPE="poly" COORDS=
                "40,11,62,32,71,78,65,118,46,145,39,151,6,150,6,140,28,141,10,118,6,69,15,34"
                ALT="Worker bee" HREF=
                "db/study-1/present-worker/">
                <AREA SHAPE="poly" COORDS=
                "108,2,127,13,138,55,139,96,128,135,108,152,96,150,81,150,80,140,94,143,81,117,76,68,81,26,94,10"
                ALT="Drone bee" HREF=
                "db/study-1/present-drone/">
                <AREA SHAPE="poly" COORDS=
                "175,0,195,12,210,47,210,95,198,139,180,155,170,155,164,149,139,150,141,141,161,143,147,121,144,79,144,48,155,21,164,8"
                ALT="Queen bee" HREF=
                "db/study-1/present-queen/">
                <AREA SHAPE="poly" COORDS=
                "244,48,256,57,261,88,252,104,243,108,244,142,256,143,257,152,231,151,230,140,244,143,243,107,230,103,225,69,232,51"
                ALT="Larval worker bee" HREF=
                "db/study-1/present-larva/">
               </MAP><BR>
              </DIV>
             </TD>
             <TD VALIGN="top">
              <STRONG>Proteins found in the hemolymph
              of:</STRONG><BR>
              1. <A HREF= "db/study-1/present-worker/">Workers</A>
	      (204 proteins)<BR>
              2. <A HREF="db/study-1/present-drone/">Drones</A>
              (252 proteins)<BR>
              3. <A HREF="db/study-1/present-queen/">Queens</A>
              (183 proteins)<BR>
              4. <A HREF="db/study-1/present-larva/">Worker
              Larvae</A> (228 proteins)<BR>
              5. <A HREF="db/study-1/present-all/">All castes
              combined</A> (324 proteins)<BR>
             </TD>
            </TR>
            <HR>
            <TR>
            <TD ALIGN="center">
              <IMG SRC="images/venn3.png" USEMAP="#map2" ALT=
              "Venn diagram of proteins identified in adult honeybee hemolymph"
              BORDER="0" HEIGHT="158" WIDTH="168">
	      <MAP NAME= "map2" ID="map2">
               <AREA SHAPE="poly" ALT="only queen" COORDS=
               "35,56,39,26,69,2,103,3,128,24,136,46,135,57,115,54,94,60,84,66,74,58,53,54"
               HREF="db/study-1/only-queen1+worker0+drone0/">
               <AREA SHAPE="poly" ALT="only proteins in queen and workers" COORDS=
               "34,58,56,54,76,60,83,66,72,79,67,90,66,98,53,92,40,77,35,63"
               HREF="db/study-1/only-queen1+worker1+drone0/">
               <AREA SHAPE="poly" ALT="only proteins in all three
	       classes" COORDS=
               "66,98,71,81,84,67,95,79,100,88,103,99,92,102,75,102"
               HREF="db/study-1/only-queen1+worker1+drone1/">
               <AREA SHAPE="poly" ALT="only proteins in queen and
	       drone" COORDS=
               "84,66,103,57,121,55,135,59,131,75,117,91,103,99,98,84,91,73"
               HREF="db/study-1/only-queen1+worker0+drone1/">
               <AREA SHAPE="poly" ALT="only proteins in drones" COORDS=
               "84,144,96,133,102,116,102,98,116,92,132,72,135,59,151,67,163,85,167,99,166,118,158,135,145,148,127,156,104,156,91,150"
               HREF="db/study-1/only-queen0+worker0+drone1/">
               <AREA SHAPE="poly" ALT="only proteins in workers and
	       drones" COORDS=
               "66,99,80,103,93,102,102,99,101,115,96,131,84,144,73,133,67,119"
               HREF="db/study-1/only-queen0+worker1+drone1/">
               <AREA SHAPE="poly" ALT="only proteins in workers" COORDS=
               "33,58,41,79,55,93,66,98,66,116,74,133,83,145,66,155,41,156,15,144,4,126,1,106,6,82,17,67"
               HREF="db/study-1/only-queen0+worker1+drone0/">
              </MAP><BR>
              </TD>
             <TD>
              <STRONG>Proteins found only in:</STRONG><BR>
              1. <A HREF=
              "db/study-1/only-queen0+worker0+drone1/">Drone</A>
              (49 proteins)<BR>
              2. <A HREF=
              "db/study-1/only-queen1+worker0+drone0/">Queen</A>
              (18 proteins)<BR>
              3. <A HREF=
              "db/study-1/only-queen0+worker1+drone0/">Worker</A>
              (15 proteins)<BR>
              4. <A HREF=
              "db/study-1/only-queen0+worker1+drone1/">Drone
              and Worker</A> (51 proteins)<BR>
              5. <A HREF=
              "db/study-1/only-queen1+worker0+drone1/">Queen
              and Drone</A> (27 proteins)<BR>
              6. <A HREF=
              "db/study-1/only-queen1+worker1+drone0/">Queen
              and Worker</A> (13 proteins)<BR>
              7. <A HREF=
              "db/study-1/only-queen1+drone1+worker1/">Queen,
              Drone, and Worker</A> (125 proteins)<BR>
              (Worker larvae ignored)
             </TD>
            </TR>
           </TBODY>
          </TABLE>
	 <br/>
	 <br/>
	 <br/>
          <TABLE ALIGN="center" BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%" SUMMARY="List
	 of all data and search functions">
           <TBODY>
            <TR>
             <TD>
              <DIV CLASS="c8">
               <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING=
               "0" WIDTH="100%" SUMMARY="List all data and search
	       functions">
                <TBODY>
                 <TR>
                  <TD WIDTH="39%">
                   <DIV CLASS="c4">
                    Search the Data
                   </DIV>
                  </TD>
                  <TD WIDTH="23%">
                   <DIV CLASS="c5">
                    Help with search
                   </DIV>
                  </TD>
                  <TD WIDTH="3%">
                   <DIV CLASS="c7">
                    <A HREF="#" ONCLICK=
                    "javascript:window.open('help.html','newwindow', 'height=500, width=800, top=0, left=0, toolbar=no, menubar=no, scrollbars=no,resizable=no,location=no, status=no')">
                    <SPAN CLASS="c6"><IMG SRC=
                    "images/qmark2.gif" ALT="Help!"
                    BORDER="0" HEIGHT="36" WIDTH=
                    "25"></SPAN></A>
                   </DIV>
                  </TD>
                 </TR>
                 <tr>
                  <TD colspan=7>
               <HR>
                   <br/>
                   <A HREF="db/study-1/"><img src="/icons/index.gif" border=0> View all experiments</A>
                   <br/>
                   <br/>
                  </TD>
                 </tr>
                </TBODY>
               </TABLE>
               <HR>
               <TABLE CLASS="c6" SUMMARY="Table containing text search
	       and regulation search">
                <TBODY>
                 <TR>
                  <TD>
		  <img src="/icons/index.gif" border=0>
                   <STRONG>Search for proteins with the following criteria</STRONG>
                  </TD>
                  <TD>
		  <img src="/icons/index.gif" border=0>
                   <STRONG>Find up- or down-regulated proteins</STRONG>
                  </TD>
                 </TR>
                 <TR>
                  <TD>
                   <FORM METHOD="get" ACTION=
                   "db/proteinsearch/" NAME=
                   "proteinsearch" ID="proteinsearch">
                    <TABLE BORDER="0" SUMMARY="Table containing
		    protein search">
                     <TBODY>
                      <TR>
                       <TD>
                        Accession Code:
                       </TD>
                       <TD>
                        <INPUT NAME="accession_code" TYPE= "text">
                       </TD>
                      </TR>
                      <TR>
                       <TD>
                        Protein Name/Description:
                       </TD>
                       <TD>
                        <INPUT NAME="description" TYPE="text">
                       </TD>
                      </TR>
                      <TR>
                       <TD>
                       </TD>
                       <TD>
                        <INPUT VALUE="Search" TYPE="submit">
                       </TD>
                      </TR>
                     </TBODY>
                    </TABLE>
                   </FORM>
                  </TD>
                  <TD>
                   <FORM METHOD="get" ACTION= "db/regulation/" NAME="regulation" ID= "regulation">
                    <SCRIPT TYPE="text/javascript">
   function fixup(t,which) {
     var sl=document.regulation.left.selectedIndex;
     var sr=document.regulation.right.selectedIndex;

     // They're different, do nothing:
     if (sl != sr ) { return;}

     // Set the correct one to '0'.
     if (which == "right") {
       document.regulation.right.selectedIndex=0;
     } else {
       document.regulation.left.selectedIndex=0;
     }

     // Done
     return;
   }
</SCRIPT>
                    <DIV CLASS="c3"></DIV>
                    <TABLE SUMMARY="Table containing the regulation
		    search">
                     <TBODY>
                      <TR>
		       <TD>
		        Find proteins where a
		        <select name=left onchange="fixup(this,'right');">
		        <option value="">-- Select a bee type --
		        <option value="queen">Queen
		        <option value="drone">Drone
		        <option value="worker">Worker
		        <option value="larva">Worker Larvae
		        </select><br/>
		        contains
		        <select name=middle>
		        <option value="lessthan">less
		        <option value="morethan">more
		        </select><br/>
		        of that protein than a
		        <select name=right onchange="fixup(this,'left');">
		        <option value="">-- Select a bee type --
		        <option value="queen">Queen
		        <option value="drone">Drone
		        <option value="worker">Worker
		        <option value="larva">Worker Larvae
		        </select>
		        .
		       </TD>
                      </TR>
                      <TR>
                       <TD CLASS="c5">
                        <INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE= "Find">
                       </TD>
                      </TR>
                     </TBODY>
                    </TABLE>
                   </FORM>
                  </TD>
                 </TR>
                </TBODY>
               </TABLE>
               <HR>
                <FORM METHOD="post" ACTION= "db/blast/" NAME="blast">
		 <TABLE SUMMARY="Table containing a blast search form">
		  <TR>
		   <TD COLSPAN="4">
		   <img src="/icons/index.gif" border=0>
		    <STRONG>Blast for hemolymph proteins</STRONG>
		   </TD>
		  </TR>
		  <TR>
		   <TD>
		    Search string (One or more proteins in FASTA format):
		   </TD>
		   <TD COLSPAN="3">
		    <TEXTAREA NAME="blastp" COLS=60 ROWS=5></TEXTAREA>
		   </TD>
		  </TR>
		  <TR>
		   <TD>
		    Search matrix:
		   </TD>
		   <TD>
		    <INPUT CHECKED= "checked" NAME="blasttable" VALUE="blosum62" TYPE= "radio">Blosum62 (Normal)
		   </TD>
		   <TD>
		    <INPUT NAME= "blasttable" VALUE="pam30" TYPE="radio">PAM30 (For short peptides)
		   </TD>
		  </TR>
		  <TR>
		   <TD>
		   </TD>
		   <TD COLSPAN="3">
		    <INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE="Blast">
		   </TD>
		  </TR>
		 </TABLE>
	       </FORM>
              </DIV>
             </TD>
            </TR>
           </TBODY>
          </TABLE>
         </TD>
        </TR>
        <TR>
         <TD COLSPAN="7">
	  <HR>
	  <H2>Download the experimental data</H2>
	  <A HREF="supplem_table_2.ods"><IMG SRC="images/ods.gif"
	  ALT="ODS" BORDER=0> Protein quantification data (OpenOffice Calc)</A><BR>
	  <A HREF="supplem_table_2.xls"><IMG SRC="images/xls.gif" ALT="XLS" BORDER=0> Protein quantification data (Excel)</A><BR>
	  <A HREF="supplem_table_2.csv"><IMG SRC="images/csv.gif"
	  ALT="CSV" BORDER=0> Protein quantification data (CSV)</A><BR>
	  <A HREF="apis_hemolymph.fa"><IMG SRC="images/fasta.gif"
	  ALT="FA" BORDER=0> Proteins found in Apis hemolymph (Fasta)</A><BR>

         </TD>
        </TR>
        <TR>
         <TD COLSPAN="7">
          <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="2" WIDTH=
          "100%" SUMMARY="Table used for spacing of the footer.">
           <TBODY>
            <TR>
             <TD COLSPAN="2">
              <IMG SRC="images/space.gif" ALT="empty space"
              HEIGHT="20" WIDTH="800">
              <HR>
	      <BR/>
	      <a href="#top"><img src="/icons/up.gif" border=1>Top</a>
             </TD>
            </TR>
            <TR>
             <TD VALIGN="top" WIDTH="50%">
              <DIV CLASS="c1">
               Last updated 2006-10-15
              </DIV>
             </TD>
             <TD ROWSPAN="2" VALIGN="top" WIDTH="50%">
              <P>
               Database released, 2006-05-01<BR>
              </P>
             </TD>
            </TR>
            <TR>
             <TD VALIGN="top">
              Website and database designed/maintained by
              Charles Howes
             </TD>
            </TR>
           </TBODY>
          </TABLE>
         </TD>
        </TR>
       </TBODY>
      </TABLE>
     </TD>
    </TR>
   </TBODY>
  </TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
